Calpurnia to Lepidus
Caesar is avenged, Lepidus. The last of his assassins is dead, and all Romans now have a master. They bestow upon Octavius the supreme power they would have denied Caesar had he asked for it, and in punishment for their inconsistency, they themselves forge the chains they must not only bear but also bequeath to their descendants. Yes, Lepidus, the Romans, having wrongfully accused Caesar of aspiring to be their tyrant, are about to experience everything that the most cruel tyranny can inflict. It is already evident that Octavius has no offspring and that Tiberius has intentions to soon commit what I say to you. Moreover, Caesar's innocence allows me to foresee, almost with certainty, the calamities that are about to overwhelm Rome. The gods are too just not to punish those who massacred the father of the homeland and the protector of liberty. Yes, Lepidus, the great Caesar deserved these two titles, but he did not in any way deserve the treatment he received. I am truly astonished that the Romans so badly misinterpreted his intentions, when his entire life showed his love for freedom and even the allegations against him are a result of his passion to preserve it. You know, Lepidus, that from his youth, Caesar always resisted Sulla and tyranny.
At that time, he was seen as a citizen passionate about freedom, and he had to hide and leave Rome because his life was threatened. Then, he indicted Dolabella and pursued him in court for the authoritarian manner with which he governed his province, thereby showing he didn't condone in others what he was accused of. As a magistrate, he never caused upheavals in public affairs, even though this position was one of the most prominent he has occupied. He acted with prudence and moderation, and even his enemies can't reproach him in this regard. Indeed, Lepidus, each time I recall Caesar's deeds for the Romans and his numerous victories against their enemies and tyrants, I feel like I'm remembering all the great achievements that have taken place since the start of the century. It's hard to believe that one person undertook so many things, attained so many goals, won so many conquests, fought so many battles, risked his life time and again, and escaped so many perils, without having lived longer than others. Yet, Lepidus, you know Caesar did much more than what I tell, even if he lived only fifty-five years. Before I delve into his defense, remember what he did in Spain. He subjugated the Celtiberians and Lusitanians up to the ocean, a region never explored by the Romans. His conquest of Gaul immortalized his glory. In less than ten years, he took over eight hundred cities, via siege or attack, and defeated three hundred distinct nations. When faced in pitched battles with over thirty thousand armed men, he killed more than a million and took as many prisoners. Caesar, how an ungrateful traitor took your life!
But I have yet to describe his final victory. That famous battle he fought on the banks of the Rhine against Ariovistus, where over eighty thousand men perished, demonstrates
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