Aristotle is an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. Along with Plato, whose<hr>
disciple he was, he is one of the most influential thinkers that the Western world has ever known. He is<hr>
the tutor of Alexander the Great.<hr>
       Bessus was the governor of Bactria, a region in Central Asia in the north of<hr>
Afghanistan, under the reign of Darius III. He proclaimed himself the King of Persia under the name of Artaxerxes<hr>
V after assassinating Achaemenid sovereign Darius III in 330 BC. He was executed on<hr>
the order of Alexander the Great in 329.<hr>
       Cyrus II, known as Cyrus the Great, is the founder of the Persian Empire and the Achaemenid dynasty<hr>
He ruled approximately from 559 to 530 BC.<hr>
       Thebes, nicknamed "the city of seven gates," is one of the major cities of Greece<hr>
along with Athens and Sparta. Alexander the Great razed it following a rebellion in 335 BC.<hr>
       The Battle of Granicus in May 334 BC was the first conflict between the<hr>
Macedonian and Persian armies on the banks of the River Granicus, now known as Biga Çayi in<hr>
Turkey. Alexander the Great won against Darius III and the Persian sovereigns. This<hr>
victory opened the gates of Asia Minor to him.<hr>
       The siege of Tyre took place from January to August 332 BC during the campaign<hr>
of Alexander the Great against the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Located on the coast of Phoenicia, in<hr>
modern-day Lebanon, Tyre was a strategic location for Alexander so he could proceed to<hr>
Judea and Egypt. After the city's capture, the Macedonians committed a<hr>
massacre, presumably to set an example for other cities ready to oppose<hr>
Alexander.<hr>
       The Battle of Arbela, also known as the Battle of Gaugamela, took place<hr>
on October 1, 331 BC. It was the decisive clash between Alexander the Great's army and<hr>
that of Darius III. During this battle, deemed one of the most important of<hr>
antiquity, the kingdom of Macedonia definitively defeated the Persian Empire.<hr>
       Porus ruled the Indian kingdom of Pauravas, which is located in<hr>
modern-day Pakistani Punjab, between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. Porus was defeated by<hr>
the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great during the Battle of Hydaspes in 326 BC.<hr>
       The Battle of Hydaspes pitted Alexander the Great against Porus in July 326 BC<hr>
on the banks of the Hydaspes, modern-day Jhelum, in today's Pakistan. The<hr>
Macedonian soldiers were confronted for the first time with a significant number of war elephants.<hr>
       The Oxydracians were ancient groups living in cis-Gangetic India, inhabiting the<hr>
confluence of the Hydraote and the Acesines.<hr>
       Hephaestion, Hephaistion, or Hephestion, born in Pella around 356 BC and died<hr>
in Ecbatane in 324 BC, was a Macedonian general and the favourite of Alexander the Great.<hr>
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